Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Article Title: Overexpression of the neuronal human (pro)renin receptor mediates angiotensin II-independent blood pressure regulation in the central nervous system

doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00310.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Generation and characterization of transgenic mice expressing the human (pro)renin receptor (hPRR) transgene under control of the neuron-specific rat synapsin 1 promoter (Syn-hPRR). A: schematic of the Syn-hPRR construct used to develop transgenic mice. B: representative RT-PCR gel showing transgene expression of hPRR and β-actin in various tissues of Syn-hPRR mice (founder line 57994-1). C: representative RT-PCR gel showing transgene expression of hPRR and β-actin in various tissues in nontransgenic (NT) littermates. B, brain; H, heart; K, kidney; Lu, lung; Li, liver; S, spleen; M, skeletal muscle; V, vessel; F, white adipose tissue (fat); P, pancreas; +, positive control (Syn-hPRR construct used as a template); −, negative control (no-template PCR). D: hPRR protein in the cortex, hypothalamus, and brain stem of Syn-hPRR mice and NT littermates (n = 3–4/group). E: hPRR mRNA levels in brain homogenates of Syn-hPRR mice and NT littermates (n = 3–4/group) determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR). F: mouse PRR mRNA levels in brain homogenates of Syn-hPRR mice and NT littermates (n = 3/group) determined by quantitative RT-PCR. G: PRR protein immunofluorescence in the subfornical organ (SFO), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS), area postrema (AP), and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in Syn-hPRR mice and NT littermates (n = 3/group). Note that images of gels in B and C (top) were from two different agarose gels.

Article Snippet: With the use of a NE-1002X syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems), mice were intracerebroventricularly infused (0.3 µl/min) for 10 min with the following reagents/reagent combinations: aCSF, human prorenin (300 ng), human prorenin + losartan (30 pmol), human prorenin + captopril (30 pmol), human prorenin + PRO20 (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 µM), ANG II (300 ng), ANG II + losartan (30 pmol), carbochol (300 ng), human prorenin + DPI (30, 300 pmol), human prorenin + U-0126 (3 pmol), human prorenin + GCD-0994 (0.3 pmol, MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ), or human prorenin + polyethylene glycol-linked catalase (PEG-catalase; 0.67 U/µl).

Techniques: Transgenic Assay, Expressing, Control, Construct, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Positive Control, Negative Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunofluorescence

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Article Title: Overexpression of the neuronal human (pro)renin receptor mediates angiotensin II-independent blood pressure regulation in the central nervous system

doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00310.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: NADPH oxidase (NOX)4 knockdown prevents the human prorenin-induced blood pressure (BP) elevation in mice overexpressing human (pro)renin receptor specifically in neurons (Syn-hPRR). A: relative NOX2 mRNA levels normalized to adenoviruse (Ad)-scrambled-shRNA (Ad-sc-shRNA) in hypothalamic tissues of Syn-hPRR mice (n = 3–5/group). B: relative NOX4 mRNA levels normalized to Ad-sc-shRNA in hypothalamic tissues of Syn-hPRR mice (n = 3–5/group). C: schematic showing the time frame of intracerebroventricular administration for the adenovirus protocol. D: change in mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) over the course of a 10-min intracerebroventricular infusion (0.3 µl/min) of human prorenin (300 ng) in Syn-hPRR mice previously administered Ad-sc-shRNA (n = 3), Ad-NOX2-shRNA (n = 4), Ad-NOX4-shRNA (n = 4), or Ad-NOX2-shRNA + Ad-NOX4-shRNA (n = 4). E: ΔMAP over the course of a 10-min intracerebroventricular infusion (0.3 µl/min) of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase (2.01 units) with or without coinfusion of human prorenin in Syn-hPRR mice (n = 3/group). *P ≤ 0.05 vs. Ad-sc-shRNA (A and B) vs. Ad-sc-shRNA and Ad-NOX2-shRNA (D) or vs. PEG-catalase (E); #P ≤ 0.05 vs. human prorenin. All BP recordings were obtained by telemetry from nonanesthetized, conscious, freely moving mice.

Article Snippet: With the use of a NE-1002X syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems), mice were intracerebroventricularly infused (0.3 µl/min) for 10 min with the following reagents/reagent combinations: aCSF, human prorenin (300 ng), human prorenin + losartan (30 pmol), human prorenin + captopril (30 pmol), human prorenin + PRO20 (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 µM), ANG II (300 ng), ANG II + losartan (30 pmol), carbochol (300 ng), human prorenin + DPI (30, 300 pmol), human prorenin + U-0126 (3 pmol), human prorenin + GCD-0994 (0.3 pmol, MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ), or human prorenin + polyethylene glycol-linked catalase (PEG-catalase; 0.67 U/µl).

Techniques: Knockdown, shRNA

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Article Title: Overexpression of the neuronal human (pro)renin receptor mediates angiotensin II-independent blood pressure regulation in the central nervous system

doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00310.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and locomotor activity in mice overexpressing the human (pro)renin receptor specifically in neurons (Syn-hPRR) and nontransgenic (NT) littermates. A–C: summary graphs of mean arterial pressure (MAP; A), HR (B), and locomotor activity (C) in Syn-hPRR mice and NT littermates over a 48-h period as measured by radiotelemetry (n = 4/group). Gray, nighttime period; white, daytime period.

Article Snippet: With the use of a NE-1002X syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems), mice were intracerebroventricularly infused (0.3 µl/min) for 10 min with the following reagents/reagent combinations: aCSF, human prorenin (300 ng), human prorenin + losartan (30 pmol), human prorenin + captopril (30 pmol), human prorenin + PRO20 (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 µM), ANG II (300 ng), ANG II + losartan (30 pmol), carbochol (300 ng), human prorenin + DPI (30, 300 pmol), human prorenin + U-0126 (3 pmol), human prorenin + GCD-0994 (0.3 pmol, MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ), or human prorenin + polyethylene glycol-linked catalase (PEG-catalase; 0.67 U/µl).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Article Title: Overexpression of the neuronal human (pro)renin receptor mediates angiotensin II-independent blood pressure regulation in the central nervous system

doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00310.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative traces of the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) response to artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) and human (h) prorenin in nontransgenice (NT) littermates and mice overexpressing human (pro)renin receptor (hPRR) specifically in neurons (Syn-hPRR). A and C: representative traces of BP and HR in a NT mouse or Syn-hPRR mouse during intracerebroventricular infusion of aCSF. B and D: representative traces of BP and HR in a NT mouse or Syn-hPRR mouse during intracerebroventricular infusion of human prorenin (hProrenin).

Article Snippet: With the use of a NE-1002X syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems), mice were intracerebroventricularly infused (0.3 µl/min) for 10 min with the following reagents/reagent combinations: aCSF, human prorenin (300 ng), human prorenin + losartan (30 pmol), human prorenin + captopril (30 pmol), human prorenin + PRO20 (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 µM), ANG II (300 ng), ANG II + losartan (30 pmol), carbochol (300 ng), human prorenin + DPI (30, 300 pmol), human prorenin + U-0126 (3 pmol), human prorenin + GCD-0994 (0.3 pmol, MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ), or human prorenin + polyethylene glycol-linked catalase (PEG-catalase; 0.67 U/µl).

Techniques:

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Article Title: Overexpression of the neuronal human (pro)renin receptor mediates angiotensin II-independent blood pressure regulation in the central nervous system

doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00310.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Human prorenin induces an elevation of blood pressure (BP) in mice overexpressing human (pro)renin receptor (hPRR) specifically in neurons (Syn-hPRR). A: changes in mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) over the course of a 10-min intracerebroventricular infusion (0.3 µl/min) of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; n = 4) or human prorenin (300 ng, n = 9) with or without intracerebroventricular coinfusion of losartan (30 pmol, n = 6) or captopril (30 pmol, n = 3) in nontransgenic (NT) mice. B: ΔMAP over the course of a 10-min intracerebroventricular infusion (0.3 µl/min) of aCSF (n = 4) or human prorenin (n = 14) with or without intracerebroventricular coinfusion of losartan (30 pmol, n = 8) or captopril (n = 8) in Syn-hPRR mice. C: ANG II levels in the hypothalamus after intracerebroventricular infusion of either aCSF or human prorenin in NT or Syn-hPRR mice (n = 4/group). D: ΔMAP over the course of a 10-min intracerebroventricular infusion (0.3 µl/min) of human prorenin (300 ng) with different doses of PRO20 (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, and 300 μM) in Syn-hPRR mice (n = 4/group). E: dose-inhibition curve presented as a percentage of the maximal response. B: *P ≤ 0.05 vs. Syn-hPRR + aCSF; all BP recordings were obtained by telemetry from nonanesthetized, conscious, freely moving mice.

Article Snippet: With the use of a NE-1002X syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems), mice were intracerebroventricularly infused (0.3 µl/min) for 10 min with the following reagents/reagent combinations: aCSF, human prorenin (300 ng), human prorenin + losartan (30 pmol), human prorenin + captopril (30 pmol), human prorenin + PRO20 (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 µM), ANG II (300 ng), ANG II + losartan (30 pmol), carbochol (300 ng), human prorenin + DPI (30, 300 pmol), human prorenin + U-0126 (3 pmol), human prorenin + GCD-0994 (0.3 pmol, MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ), or human prorenin + polyethylene glycol-linked catalase (PEG-catalase; 0.67 U/µl).

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Article Title: Overexpression of the neuronal human (pro)renin receptor mediates angiotensin II-independent blood pressure regulation in the central nervous system

doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00310.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mice overexpressing human (pro)renin receptor specifically in neurons (Syn-hPRR) have a normal blood pressure (BP) response to ANG II or carbachol. A: change in mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) over the course of a 10-min intracerebroventricular infusion (0.3 µl/min) of ANG II (300 ng, n = 3–5) with or without intracerebroventricular coinfusion of losartan (30 pmol, n = 5) in nontransgenic (NT) and Syn-hPRR mice. B: ΔMAP over the course of a 10-min intracerebroventricular infusion (0.3 µl/min) of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; n = 4) or carbochol (300 ng, n = 3–4) in NT and Syn-hPRR mice. *P ≤ 0.05 vs. NT + ANG II or Syn-hPRR + ANG II (A) or vs. NT + aCSF or Syn-hPRR + aCSF (B).

Article Snippet: With the use of a NE-1002X syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems), mice were intracerebroventricularly infused (0.3 µl/min) for 10 min with the following reagents/reagent combinations: aCSF, human prorenin (300 ng), human prorenin + losartan (30 pmol), human prorenin + captopril (30 pmol), human prorenin + PRO20 (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 µM), ANG II (300 ng), ANG II + losartan (30 pmol), carbochol (300 ng), human prorenin + DPI (30, 300 pmol), human prorenin + U-0126 (3 pmol), human prorenin + GCD-0994 (0.3 pmol, MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ), or human prorenin + polyethylene glycol-linked catalase (PEG-catalase; 0.67 U/µl).

Techniques:

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Article Title: Overexpression of the neuronal human (pro)renin receptor mediates angiotensin II-independent blood pressure regulation in the central nervous system

doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00310.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity contributes to human prorenin-induced elevated blood pressure (BP) in mice overexpressing human (pro)renin receptor specifically in neurons (Syn-hPRR). A: hypothalamic NOX activity in Syn-hPRR mice and nontransgenic (NT) littermates infused intracerebroventricular (0.3 µl/min) with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF), human prorenin (300 ng, n = 4–8/group), or human protenin (300 ng) + losartan (30 pmol) (n = 3/group) measured using a lucigenin-based luminescence assay and expressed as fold increases in relative luminescence units (RLUs). B: change in mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) over the course of a 10-min intracerebroventricular infusion (0.3 µl/min) of human prorenin with or without diphenyleneiodonium (DPI; 30 or 300 pmol) in Syn-hPRR mice and NT littermates (n = 3–4/group). *P ≤ 0.05 vs. NT with the same treatment (A) or Syn-hPRR + human prorenin vs. NT + human prorenin (B); #P ≤ 0.05, Syn-hPRR + human prorenin + DPI (300 pmol) vs. Syn-hPRR + human prorenin. All BP recordings were obtained by telemetry from nonanesthetized, conscious, freely moving mice.

Article Snippet: With the use of a NE-1002X syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems), mice were intracerebroventricularly infused (0.3 µl/min) for 10 min with the following reagents/reagent combinations: aCSF, human prorenin (300 ng), human prorenin + losartan (30 pmol), human prorenin + captopril (30 pmol), human prorenin + PRO20 (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 µM), ANG II (300 ng), ANG II + losartan (30 pmol), carbochol (300 ng), human prorenin + DPI (30, 300 pmol), human prorenin + U-0126 (3 pmol), human prorenin + GCD-0994 (0.3 pmol, MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ), or human prorenin + polyethylene glycol-linked catalase (PEG-catalase; 0.67 U/µl).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Luminescence Assay

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Article Title: Overexpression of the neuronal human (pro)renin receptor mediates angiotensin II-independent blood pressure regulation in the central nervous system

doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00310.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: ERK phosphorylation mediates the prorenin-induced elevation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and blood pressure (BP) in mice overexpressing human (pro)renin receptor specifically in neurons (Syn-hPRR). A and B: representative Western blots and summary data showing the ratio of phosphorylated (p-)ERK to total (t) ERK protein in Syn-hPRR mice and nontransgenic (NT) littermates (n = 4/group) infused intracerebroventricularly (0.3 µl/min) with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or human prorenin (hPro; 300 ng) for 10 min. C: change in mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) over the course of a 10-min intracerebroventricular infusion (0.3 µl/min) of human prorenin with or without coinfusion of U-0126 (3 pmol) or GDC-0994 (0.3 pmol) in Syn-hPRR mice and NT littermates (n = 3–4/group). D: hypothalamic NOX activity, measured using a lucigenin luminescence assay, indicating the fold increase in relative light units (RLUs) for NT mice + intracerebroventricular aCSF (control) and Syn-hPRR mice infused intracerebroventricularly with human prorenin (300 ng) or coinfused with human prorenin and the ERK inhibitor U-0126 (3 pmol, n = 4). B: *P ≤ 0.05 vs. Syn-hPRR + aCSF; #P ≤ 0.05 vs. NT + human prorenin. C: *P ≤ 0.05 vs. NT + human prorenin; #P ≤ 0.05 vs. Syn-hPRR + human prorenin. D: *P ≤ 0.05 vs. NT + aCSF; #P ≤ 0.05 vs. Syn-hPRR + human prorenin.

Article Snippet: With the use of a NE-1002X syringe pump (New Era Pump Systems), mice were intracerebroventricularly infused (0.3 µl/min) for 10 min with the following reagents/reagent combinations: aCSF, human prorenin (300 ng), human prorenin + losartan (30 pmol), human prorenin + captopril (30 pmol), human prorenin + PRO20 (1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 µM), ANG II (300 ng), ANG II + losartan (30 pmol), carbochol (300 ng), human prorenin + DPI (30, 300 pmol), human prorenin + U-0126 (3 pmol), human prorenin + GCD-0994 (0.3 pmol, MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ), or human prorenin + polyethylene glycol-linked catalase (PEG-catalase; 0.67 U/µl).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Western Blot, Luminescence Assay, Control

Journal: PloS one

Article Title: Pepsin digest of wheat gliadin fraction increases production of IL-1β via TLR4/MyD88/TRIF/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and an NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062426

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. PDWGF digest induces IL-1b, IL-18, and IL-1a release in monocytes and PBMC from CD patients. IL-1b (A), IL-18 (B) and IL-1a (C) levels were quantified in cell supernatants by ELISA. Data are given as mean 6 SD from 39 patients and 15 healthy donors (HD). *P,0.05, **P,0.01 (CD vs. HD). (D). PDWGF-induced activation of PBMC is not due to LPS contamination. Results are shown as the percentage of the cytokine production from 4 CD patients. The data were normalized to the result from untreated cells which was set as 100%. Mean 6 SD, n = 4 independent experiments, ***P,0.001 compared to untreated cells. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062426.g001

Article Snippet: The concentrations of human IL-1b, IL-1a, IL-18 and TNF-a as well as murine IL-1b and TNF-a were measured by commercial ELISA Duo Set Kits (R&D Systems) or ELISA MAX kits (Biolegend) according to manufacturer instructions.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activation Assay

Journal: PloS one

Article Title: Pepsin digest of wheat gliadin fraction increases production of IL-1β via TLR4/MyD88/TRIF/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and an NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062426

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. PDWGF-induced IL-1b production from celiac patient PBMC is modulated by K+ efflux, but is independent of the P2X7 receptor; as shown by (A) ELISA, mean 6 SD, n = 10, ***P,0.001 vs. PDWGF-treated cells; and by (B) Western blot. Representative blots from 5 independent experiments are shown. (C) Inhibition of ROS modulate PDWGF-induced IL-1b secretion, mean 6 SD, n = 10; as well as (D) pro-IL-1b production from PBMC of CD patients. Representative blots from 3 independent experiments are shown. b-actin was used as a loading control. ***P,0.001 vs. PDWGF- treated cells. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062426.g003

Article Snippet: The concentrations of human IL-1b, IL-1a, IL-18 and TNF-a as well as murine IL-1b and TNF-a were measured by commercial ELISA Duo Set Kits (R&D Systems) or ELISA MAX kits (Biolegend) according to manufacturer instructions.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Inhibition, Control

Journal: PloS one

Article Title: Pepsin digest of wheat gliadin fraction increases production of IL-1β via TLR4/MyD88/TRIF/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and an NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062426

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. MAPK and NF-kB are involved in PDWGF mediated IL- 1b secretion. PDWGF-primed PBMC were treated with SB203580 (SB), SP600125 (SP), UO125 (UO), TPCK, or PDWGF, alone or in combination for 24 h. (A) IL-1b was quantified in cell supernatants by ELISA. Mean 6 SD, n = 5 independent experiments. ***P,0.001 vs. PDWGF-treated cells. (B) Pro-IL-1b levels were examined in cell lysates by immunoblot- ting from 5 experiments. b-actin was used as a loading control. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062426.g004

Article Snippet: The concentrations of human IL-1b, IL-1a, IL-18 and TNF-a as well as murine IL-1b and TNF-a were measured by commercial ELISA Duo Set Kits (R&D Systems) or ELISA MAX kits (Biolegend) according to manufacturer instructions.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Control